1)  Hills 2)   Rivers and Dam 3)     Soil  4)  Rainfall 5)  Total  Population

The entire district of Bhandara falls within the drainage of the Wainganga river and one of its principle affluent , the Bagh.

Ambagad hills : The lowest and most northerly of these hill ranges is the Ambagad range. It is and extreme outlier of the Satpudas running with a WNW-ESE trend in the extreme north-west of the district area to the north and west of the Wainganga. It separates the valley of the Bawanthari river from that of the Wainganga.

There is wide gap, with a width of about 3 km. wide in the Ambagad range, just east of the spur of the Ambagad fort; it is drained by the Amabagad nadi, and is used by the Tumsar Katangi road and railway.

Ballahi range : About 10 km WSW and 9km south-west of Bhandara town, there lie two isolated hill ranges, each about 5 km long in a south-west-north-east direction and about 2 km wide; these hills together may be termed as the Ballahi range. These hills resing to bout 400, above mean sea-level land 150m above the valley floor, overhang the Great Eastern High-way on either side and form prominent features of the landscape that can be seen for quite some distance along the road. These hills are underlain by sandstones, quartzite's and granulites.

Pauni Hills :Just west of the Wainganga river and the town-ship of pauni in the south western extremes of the district are a clump of hills called the Gaidongri and Nishti hillos rising to about 300 km. above sea-level, and barely 50 to 100 m. above the adjoining plains.

These hills about along their southern edge, on a rolling country underline by Vindhyan sandstones, and grits that are reddish in co lour and dipping 10

Plain Country : The lowlands of Bhandara district lie mainly along the valley of the river Wainganga, Bagh, Chullband and Bawanthari; the most extensive of them occur along the first two rivers. The other two river valley have a rolling topography dotted with a number of residual hills.

Wainganga : The source streams of the Wainganga rise in the Chhindwara and Seoni Plateaus of Madhya Pradesh; the river flows south through the Balaghat district before entering Bhandara district at its northern extreme. It initially flows west along the northern boundary, then turns south-west and gradually southwards through the Bhandara tahsil. Before leaving the district to enter Chandrapur, the river runs south-east. Thus, the Wainganga drains mainly the western parts of the district.

Bawanthadi : The Bawanthadi river rises in the Kurai plateau of Seoni district (Madhya Pradesh) flows south, enters the district at the north-western limit of the boundry, and runs east forming the northern boundary for a distance of 48 km before falling into the Wainganga. Through small and seasonal in its upper course the river after entering this district, is fed by numerous hills torrents and is perennial. It drains the north-western parts of the district around Ambagad and Chandrapur. The river has low banks and hence, in floods, overflows the banks. Quicksands occur in many parts of the river bed.

Ambagad : The Ambagad nadi rises in the foothills to the north of the Ambagad range, flows south through a wide breach in the Ambagad hills to join the Wainganga on its right bank east to Tumsar. The gap through which the river flows appears to be too wide to have been carved out by the river; probably, in the past the Bawanthari used to follow this valley into the Wainganga.

Bodalkasa : The Bodalkasa nadi drain the overflow of the Bodalkasa tank westwards to join the Wainganga on its left bank just downstream of the confluence of the Ambagad nadi. Just before its confluence with the main stream, it is met by an affluent, the Chorkhamara nadi draining the overflow of the Chorkhamara tank.

Garhvi : The Garhvi nadi, also known as the Itiadoh nadi, rises in the granitic plateau of Chichgarh in the south-eastern part of Sakoli tahsil and flows west in a deep and narrow valley. As it flows past the village Palasgaon, the Valley opens out, but about 15 km downstream, it cuts through a quartzite spur of the Nawegaon hills in a deep gorge; the panorama from the Pratapgad fort eastwards as the river rushes out from the gorge is a pleasant sight to watch. The river continues further south, opening out into a wide valley with shallow banks to enter into the Chandrapur district before joining the Wainganga. The river has a flow of 60 km. through this district.

Soils : The soils of the district are varied, arising out of the tropical sub-humid weathering of crystalline metamorphic and igneous rocks. They are essentially residual, though along the southern extremes of the Wainganga valley, downstream of Pauni, alluvial soils predominate.

Kali or black regur soils derived from the weathering of basalts are generally rare in the district. Kanhar or very rich alluvial soils occur widely;these soils crumble readily and are easy to work. They are clay loams in texture, very deep , sticky and retentive of moisture; they bear double crops. Morand soils are coarser in texture and occur farther away from the rivers, in relatively higher ground in comparison to the Kanhar soils. They generally have an admixture of sands or lime or both.

The Khardi soils are dark in colour with a considerable admixture of lime; they are generally and shallow. They are poor soils. The sihar, is a reddish yellow soil derived from crystalline rocks as a result of oxidation under tropical humid conditions and cracks very little in the hot weather. It degrades into the khardi.

Most of the cultivable soils of the district belong to the morand and sihar types, both of which are light and slightly acidic. The sihar are the best rice soils of the district while the morand soils are devoted to rabi crops like wheat and linseed and kharif jowar. Poor lateritic bardi soils are found in foothills and sloping areas. Along the immediate banks of rivers, black kachhar soils, reddish and sandy marhani soils, and sandy retari soils are found; these soils are mostly immature. The marhani soils are devoted to garden crops.

Forest clad ridges, and valley sides, cultivated valley floors interspersed with numerous tanks, hamlets perched on higher levels, and roads, cart-tracks, and footpaths form the prominent aspects of the general landscape in this district. The landscape becomes more pleasing to the eye soon after the rains. The flooded rivers rushing with powerful torrents, the overflowing tanks, the densely wooded hill ranges presenting a lovely carpet of green and the lowland soils divided into tiny plots wherein the young rice plants sway to and fro as the gentle breeze plays on it, and the villages set in between the rice fields, surrounded by groves and garden crops and breaking the monotony of the cultivated green all these together present a pleasing romantic view.

 The average annual rainfall in the district is 1,470.6 mm (57-89) The rain fall generally increases from the west towards the east. It varies from 1312.9 mm (51-69) at Chandpur near the western border of the district to 1578-5 mm (62-15) at Gondia near the north eastern border of the district. The south-west monsoon arrives over the district by about the second week of June. The rainfall during the period from June to September constitutes about 90 percent of the annual normal rainfall. July and August are the months with heavy rainfall, July being the rainiest month. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is small.         

District :- Bhandara        

Sr No	Year	Bhandara	Mohadi	Tumsar	Pauni	Sakoli	Lakhandur	Lakhani
1.	1978-79	1799-4	-----	-----	-----	1732-8	-----	-----
2.	1979-80	1121-3	-----	-----	----	1293-6	-----	-----
3.	1980-81	1296-4	-----	-----	-----	1528-0	-----	-----
4.	1981-82	1377-7	-----	-----	-----	1603-0	-----	-----
5.	1982-83	827-0	656-0	779-4	818-8	947-3	1047-0	-----
6.	1983-84	1548-8	1512-8	1825-2	1539-1	1639-9	1680-0	-----
7.	1984-85	969-3	873-3	872-6	1227-7	959-0	845-0	------
8.	1985-86	1157-5	971-3	1154-6	1209-7	1101-9	1255-6	------
9.	1986-87	1698-0	1470-5	1380-9	1676-5	1959-1	1513-8	------
10.	1987-88	1324-3	1105-2	1246-3	1275-9	1182-1	1289-2	------
11.	1988-89	1223-4	1008-0	846-2	1291-5	1782-0	1342-4	------
12.	1989-90	1121-7	1053-7	1272-9	1155-8	1248-0	1411-9	------
13.	1990-91	1326-4	1267-0	1344-8	1325-1	1401-4	1813-8	------
14.	1991-92	962-3	867-7	1037-2	864-8	1390-2	1212-0	------
15.	1992-93	1136-3	1182-8	1326-2	1419-8	1146-2	1347-0	------
16.	1993-94	1296-0	1077-9	1084-6	1397-6	1441-8	1182-9	------
17.	1994-95	1863-2	1596-8	1810-1	2139-1	1859-2	2002-8	-----
18.	1995-96	983-9	811-4	1127-3	899-4	1375-4	1197-0	------
19.	1996-97	964-2	566-7	702-9	1014-9	1021-3	955-4	------
20.	1997-98	1374-1	1275-1	1214-3	1355-6	78-3	1342-3	------
21.	1998-99	1424-3	1089-8	1008-3	1044-7	1399-9	1206-2	------
22.	1999-2000	1336-4	1395-8	1150-1	1275-1	1399-7	1235-4	------
23.	2000-01	1389-0	1216-2	1055-5	1901-8	1537-6	1674-0	-----
24.	2001-02	1496-0	1260-7	1166-5	1186-5	1438-6	1354-6	------
25.	2002-03	1650-0	1167-2	1160-2	1149-0	1505-8	1365-4	------
26.	2003-04	2246-0	1075-3	1300-3	1315-1	1588-6	1286-2	------